Journal: Virologica Sinica

Article Title: Metatranscriptomics uncovers host immune and microbiome signatures specific to and shared between human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children

doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2026.03.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential IRGs and ISGs expressed during hMPV infection. A Heatmap of differentially expressed IRGs and ISGs with P values of < 0.05 in the hMPV group versus the control group and the RSV group. B Detailed expression levels of IRGs and ISGs with P values < 0.05 in the three groups. Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t -test. P values of 0.05 (∗), 0.01 (∗∗), and 0.001 (∗∗∗) were considered significant; NS: not significant. C Real-time PCR quantification of selected IRGs in infected and control cells at 24, 48, and 72 h postinfection. RSV and hMPV were propagated in LLC-MK2 cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. N = 3. Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t -test. P values < 0.05 (∗), < 0.01 (∗∗), and < 0.0001 (∗∗∗∗) were considered significant. The bars in the figure panels show the means and standard errors of the means (SEMs).

Article Snippet: Adult rhesus monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2) (CCL-7) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Control, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction